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9. 音效与打击感

EVOCOSMOS2026/4/14大约 5 分钟

9. 音效与打击感

9.1 横版动作游戏的音效特点

横版动作游戏的音效和RPG完全不同。RPG的音效是"配合菜单操作"，而横版动作的音效是让玩家感受到打击感。

类别示例作用
打击音效普攻1击、2击、3击、4击每一击都有不同音调，连招有节奏感
技能音效战士冲锋、法师爆炸、盗贼闪现技能释放的爽快感
受击音效普通受击、被击飞、倒地让玩家感受到"打到了"
环境音效地下城背景音、火把声、水滴声沉浸感
UI音效区域清空、救援成功、关卡通关操作反馈
背景音乐普通关卡BGM、Boss战BGM情绪引导

打击感的核心：音效 + 画面停顿（Hit Stop）+ 屏幕震动，三者缺一不可。

9.2 音效管理器

C
using Godot;

/// <summary>
/// 地下城与勇士音效管理器
/// </summary>
public partial class DnfAudioManager : Node
{
    public static DnfAudioManager Instance { get; private set; }

    // ===== 打击音效（连招各击音调不同）=====
    [Export] public AudioStream[] ComboHitSfx { get; set; }  // 4个连击音效
    [Export] public AudioStream SkillHitSfx { get; set; }    // 技能命中
    [Export] public AudioStream LaunchHitSfx { get; set; }   // 击飞命中

    // ===== 受击音效 =====
    [Export] public AudioStream TakeDamageSfx { get; set; }
    [Export] public AudioStream KnockDownSfx { get; set; }   // 倒地
    [Export] public AudioStream ReviveSfx { get; set; }      // 被救援

    // ===== 技能音效 =====
    [Export] public AudioStream WarriorChargeSfx { get; set; }
    [Export] public AudioStream MageExplosionSfx { get; set; }
    [Export] public AudioStream RogueFlashSfx { get; set; }
    [Export] public AudioStream PaladinShieldSfx { get; set; }

    // ===== 关卡音效 =====
    [Export] public AudioStream ZoneClearedSfx { get; set; }  // 区域清空
    [Export] public AudioStream BossEnterSfx { get; set; }    // Boss登场
    [Export] public AudioStream StageClearSfx { get; set; }   // 关卡通关

    // ===== 背景音乐 =====
    [Export] public AudioStream StageBgm { get; set; }
    [Export] public AudioStream BossBgm { get; set; }

    private AudioStreamPlayer _bgmPlayer;
    private AudioStreamPlayer[] _sfxPool;
    private int _poolIndex = 0;
    private const int PoolSize = 8;

    public override void _EnterTree() => Instance = this;
    public override void _ExitTree() { if (Instance == this) Instance = null; }

    public override void _Ready()
    {
        _bgmPlayer = new AudioStreamPlayer { Bus = "Music" };
        AddChild(_bgmPlayer);

        _sfxPool = new AudioStreamPlayer[PoolSize];
        for (int i = 0; i < PoolSize; i++)
        {
            _sfxPool[i] = new AudioStreamPlayer { Bus = "SFX" };
            AddChild(_sfxPool[i]);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 播放连招音效（comboIndex 0~3 对应四连击）
    /// </summary>
    public void PlayComboHit(int comboIndex)
    {
        if (ComboHitSfx == null || comboIndex >= ComboHitSfx.Length) return;
        PlaySfx(ComboHitSfx[comboIndex]);
    }

    public void PlaySkillHit()    => PlaySfx(SkillHitSfx);
    public void PlayLaunchHit()   => PlaySfx(LaunchHitSfx);
    public void PlayTakeDamage()  => PlaySfx(TakeDamageSfx);
    public void PlayKnockDown()   => PlaySfx(KnockDownSfx);
    public void PlayRevive()      => PlaySfx(ReviveSfx);
    public void PlayZoneCleared() => PlaySfx(ZoneClearedSfx);
    public void PlayBossEnter()   => PlaySfx(BossEnterSfx);
    public void PlayStageClear()  => PlaySfx(StageClearSfx);

    public void PlayStageBgm() => CrossfadeMusic(StageBgm, 1.5f);
    public void PlayBossBgm()  => CrossfadeMusic(BossBgm, 1.0f);

    private void CrossfadeMusic(AudioStream newMusic, float duration)
    {
        if (newMusic == null) return;
        var tween = CreateTween();
        tween.TweenProperty(_bgmPlayer, "volume_db", -80f, duration * 0.5f);
        tween.TweenCallback(Callable.From(() =>
        {
            _bgmPlayer.Stream = newMusic;
            _bgmPlayer.Play();
        }));
        tween.TweenProperty(_bgmPlayer, "volume_db", 0f, duration * 0.5f);
    }

    private void PlaySfx(AudioStream sfx)
    {
        if (sfx == null) return;
        var player = _sfxPool[_poolIndex % PoolSize];
        _poolIndex++;
        player.Stream = sfx;
        player.Play();
    }
}

9.3 打击感三要素

打击感不只是音效，还需要Hit Stop（画面停顿）和屏幕震动配合：

C
using Godot;

/// <summary>
/// 打击感管理器——Hit Stop + 屏幕震动
/// </summary>
public partial class HitFeel : Node
{
    public static HitFeel Instance { get; private set; }

    public override void _EnterTree() => Instance = this;
    public override void _ExitTree() { if (Instance == this) Instance = null; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Hit Stop：命中瞬间暂停几帧，让打击感更强
    /// duration 通常 0.05~0.1 秒
    /// </summary>
    public async void TriggerHitStop(float duration = 0.06f)
    {
        Engine.TimeScale = 0.05f;  // 几乎暂停
        await ToSignal(GetTree().CreateTimer(duration * 0.05f), "timeout");
        Engine.TimeScale = 1.0f;   // 恢复正常
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 屏幕震动——Boss攻击、击飞时使用
    /// </summary>
    public void ShakeCamera(float intensity = 8f, float duration = 0.3f)
    {
        var camera = GetTree().GetFirstNodeInGroup("camera") as Camera2D;
        if (camera == null) return;

        var tween = CreateTween();
        float elapsed = 0f;
        float step = 0.05f;

        while (elapsed < duration)
        {
            var offset = new Vector2(
                GD.RandRange(-intensity, intensity),
                GD.RandRange(-intensity, intensity)
            );
            tween.TweenProperty(camera, "offset", offset, step);
            elapsed += step;
        }
        tween.TweenProperty(camera, "offset", Vector2.Zero, step);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 伤害数字飘出——显示造成的伤害
    /// </summary>
    public void SpawnDamageNumber(Vector2 worldPos, int damage, bool isCrit = false)
    {
        var label = new Label
        {
            Text = isCrit ? $"!!{damage}!!" : damage.ToString(),
            Position = worldPos + new Vector2(-20, -40),
        };

        label.AddThemeFontSizeOverride("font_size", isCrit ? 28 : 20);
        label.AddThemeColorOverride("font_color",
            isCrit ? new Color(1f, 0.3f, 0f) : Colors.White);

        GetTree().CurrentScene.AddChild(label);

        var tween = CreateTween();
        tween.TweenProperty(label, "position",
            worldPos + new Vector2(-20, -80), 0.6f);
        tween.Parallel().TweenProperty(label, "modulate:a", 0f, 0.6f);
        tween.TweenCallback(Callable.From(() => label.QueueFree()));
    }
}

9.4 在战斗中集成音效

在 Hitbox 命中时，同时触发音效、Hit Stop 和伤害数字：

玩家攻击 → Hitbox 检测到命中
    ├── body.TakeDamage(damage)          ← 扣血
    ├── DnfAudioManager.PlayComboHit(n)  ← 播放连击音效
    ├── HitFeel.TriggerHitStop()         ← 画面停顿
    └── HitFeel.SpawnDamageNumber(pos, damage)  ← 伤害数字

Boss 登场时的特殊处理：

进入 Boss 房间
    ├── DnfAudioManager.PlayBossEnter()  ← 播放 Boss 登场音效
    ├── DnfAudioManager.PlayBossBgm()    ← 切换 Boss BGM
    └── HitFeel.ShakeCamera(12, 0.5)     ← 屏幕震动

9.5 本章小结

概念说明
连招音效四连击各有不同音调，节奏感强
Hit Stop命中瞬间 TimeScale 降到 0.05，持续约 0.06 秒
屏幕震动Camera2D offset 随机抖动，Boss 攻击时使用
伤害数字命中位置飘出白色/橙色数字，暴击有感叹号
BGM 切换进入 Boss 房间时淡出普通 BGM，淡入 Boss BGM

下一章我们将进行游戏打磨和发布准备。

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贡献者: zefeng.peng,bobokaka
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