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5. 战斗与技能系统

EVOCOSMOS2026/4/15大约 7 分钟

5. 战斗与技能系统：让英雄释放技能

5.1 技能系统架构

技能系统是 MOBA 游戏最核心的部分。每个英雄有 4 个技能（被动 + 3 个主动），每个技能有自己的冷却时间、伤害类型、范围和特效。

技能数据定义

C#
// SkillData.cs
using Godot;

[GlobalClass]
public partial class SkillData : Resource
{
    [Export] public string SkillId { get; set; } = "";
    [Export] public string SkillName { get; set; } = "";
    [Export] public string Description { get; set; } = "";

    // 类型
    [Export] public SkillType Type { get; set; } = SkillType.Active;
    [Export] public DamageType Damage { get; set; } = DamageType.Physical;
    [Export] public TargetType Target { get; set; } = TargetType.Enemy;

    // 数值
    [Export] public float[] BaseDamage { get; set; } = { 100 };    // 按技能等级
    [Export] public float ManaCost { get; set; } = 50;
    [Export] public float Cooldown { get; set; } = 8.0f;
    [Export] public float Range { get; set; } = 10.0f;
    [Export] public float Radius { get; set; } = 3.0f;            // 范围技能的半径

    // 弹道
    [Export] public bool IsProjectile { get; set; } = false;
    [Export] public float ProjectileSpeed { get; set; } = 20.0f;

    // Buff/Debuff
    [Export] public string BuffId { get; set; } = "";
    [Export] public float BuffDuration { get; set; } = 0;
}

public enum SkillType { Passive, Active }
public enum DamageType { Physical, Magic, True }
public enum TargetType { Enemy, Ally, Self, Position, Direction }

5.2 技能管理器

每个英雄身上挂一个技能管理器，管理技能的冷却、释放和升级：

C#
// SkillManager.cs
using Godot;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public partial class SkillManager : Node
{
    private Dictionary<string, SkillData> _skills = new();
    private Dictionary<string, float> _cooldowns = new();
    private Dictionary<string, int> _skillLevels = new();
    private int _skillPoints = 1; // 初始1个技能点
    private HeroBase _hero;

    public override void _Ready()
    {
        _hero = GetParent<HeroBase>();
    }

    // 初始化技能
    public void InitSkills(HeroData heroData)
    {
        foreach (var skillId in heroData.SkillIds)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(skillId)) continue;
            var skillData = GD.Load<SkillData>($"res://resources/skills/{skillId}.tres");
            _skills[skillId] = skillData;
            _cooldowns[skillId] = 0;
            _skillLevels[skillId] = skillData.Type == SkillType.Passive ? 1 : 0;
        }
    }

    // 尝试释放技能
    public bool CastSkill(int slotIndex, Vector3 targetPos, Node3D targetUnit)
    {
        string skillId = GetSkillIdBySlot(slotIndex);
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(skillId)) return false;

        var skill = _skills[skillId];

        // 检查条件
        if (_skillLevels[skillId] <= 0) return false;         // 未学习
        if (_cooldowns[skillId] > 0) return false;             // 冷却中
        if (_hero.GetCurrentMp() < skill.ManaCost) return false; // 蓝不够

        // 消耗蓝量
        _hero.SpendMp(skill.ManaCost);

        // 进入冷却
        _cooldowns[skillId] = skill.Cooldown;

        // 根据技能类型执行效果
        ExecuteSkill(skill, _skillLevels[skillId] - 1, targetPos, targetUnit);

        return true;
    }

    private void ExecuteSkill(SkillData skill, int skillLevel, Vector3 targetPos, Node3D targetUnit)
    {
        float damage = skill.BaseDamage[Mathf.Min(skillLevel, skill.BaseDamage.Length - 1)];

        if (skill.IsProjectile)
        {
            // 弹道技能：创建飞行物体
            SpawnProjectile(skill, damage, targetPos, targetUnit);
        }
        else if (skill.Radius > 0)
        {
            // 范围技能：对区域内所有目标造成伤害
            ApplyAreaDamage(targetPos, skill.Radius, damage, skill.Damage);
        }
        else
        {
            // 单体技能：直接对目标造成伤害
            if (targetUnit != null && targetUnit.HasMethod("TakeDamage"))
            {
                targetUnit.Call("TakeDamage", damage,
                    skill.Damage == DamageType.Physical ? "physical" : "magic", _hero);
            }
        }

        // 应用 Buff/Debuff
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(skill.BuffId) && targetUnit != null)
        {
            ApplyBuff(skill.BuffId, skill.BuffDuration, targetUnit);
        }
    }

    // 创建弹道
    private void SpawnProjectile(SkillData skill, float damage, Vector3 targetPos, Node3D targetUnit)
    {
        var projectileScene = GD.Load<PackedScene>("res://scenes/effects/projectile.tscn");
        var projectile = projectileScene.Instantiate<Node3D>();

        projectile.Position = _hero.GlobalPosition + Vector3.Up;
        GetTree().Root.AddChild(projectile);

        // 设置弹道飞行方向和速度
        if (projectile.HasMethod("Launch"))
        {
            projectile.Call("Launch", targetPos, skill.ProjectileSpeed, damage,
                skill.Damage == DamageType.Physical ? "physical" : "magic",
                _hero, _hero.TeamId);
        }
    }

    // 范围伤害
    private void ApplyAreaDamage(Vector3 center, float radius, float damage, DamageType damageType)
    {
        // 用物理查询找到范围内所有敌方单位
        var spaceState = _hero.GetWorld3D().DirectSpaceState;
        var shape = new SphereShape3D();
        shape.Radius = radius;
        var query = new PhysicsShapeQueryParameters3D();
        query.Shape = shape;
        query.Transform = new Transform3D(Basis.Identity, center);
        query.CollisionMask = GetEnemyLayerMask();

        var results = spaceState.IntersectShape(query);
        foreach (var result in results)
        {
            var collider = result["collider"].AsGodotObject() as Node3D;
            if (collider != null && collider.HasMethod("TakeDamage"))
            {
                collider.Call("TakeDamage", damage,
                    damageType == DamageType.Physical ? "physical" : "magic", _hero);
            }
        }
    }

    // 冷却计时
    public override void _Process(double delta)
    {
        var keys = new List<string>(_cooldowns.Keys);
        foreach (var skillId in keys)
        {
            if (_cooldowns[skillId] > 0)
            {
                _cooldowns[skillId] -= (float)delta;
                if (_cooldowns[skillId] < 0) _cooldowns[skillId] = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    // 升级技能
    public bool LevelUpSkill(int slotIndex)
    {
        if (_skillPoints <= 0) return false;

        string skillId = GetSkillIdBySlot(slotIndex);
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(skillId)) return false;

        var skill = _skills[skillId];
        if (skill.Type == SkillType.Passive) return false; // 被动不能升级

        _skillLevels[skillId]++;
        _skillPoints--;
        return true;
    }

    // 英雄升级时获得技能点
    public void OnHeroLevelUp()
    {
        _skillPoints++;
    }

    public float GetCooldownRemaining(string skillId) => _cooldowns.GetValueOrDefault(skillId, 0);
    public int GetSkillLevel(string skillId) => _skillLevels.GetValueOrDefault(skillId, 0);

    private string GetSkillIdBySlot(int slot) =>
        slot < _hero.Data.SkillIds.Length ? _hero.Data.SkillIds[slot] : "";

    private uint GetEnemyLayerMask() =>
        _hero.TeamId == 0 ? 0b0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0001_1110u
                           : 0b0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000_0010u;
}

5.3 弹道系统

弹道是技能系统的重要部分——火球、箭矢、冲击波等飞行物都需要弹道系统：

C#
// Projectile.cs
using Godot;

public partial class Projectile : Area3D
{
    private Vector3 _direction;
    private float _speed;
    private float _damage;
    private string _damageType;
    private Node3D _owner;
    private int _ownerTeam;
    private float _maxDistance = 50.0f;
    private float _traveled = 0;

    public void Launch(Vector3 target, float speed, float damage,
        string damageType, Node3D owner, int ownerTeam)
    {
        _direction = (target - GlobalPosition).Normalized();
        _speed = speed;
        _damage = damage;
        _damageType = damageType;
        _owner = owner;
        _ownerTeam = ownerTeam;
        LookAt(target, Vector3.Up);
    }

    public override void _PhysicsProcess(double delta)
    {
        var movement = _direction * _speed * (float)delta;
        Position += movement;
        _traveled += movement.Length();

        if (_traveled >= _maxDistance)
            QueueFree(); // 超出范围自动消失
    }

    // 碰到敌方单位时造成伤害
    public override void _Ready()
    {
        BodyEntered += OnBodyEntered;
    }

    private void OnBodyEntered(Node3D body)
    {
        if (body == _owner) return;

        // 检查是否是敌方单位
        if (body.IsInGroup("heroes") || body.IsInGroup("minions") || body.IsInGroup("towers"))
        {
            // 简化：通过 team_id 判断
            if (body.Get("team_id").Variant() != _ownerTeam)
            {
                if (body.HasMethod("TakeDamage"))
                    body.Call("TakeDamage", _damage, _damageType, _owner);
                QueueFree(); // 命中后消失
            }
        }
    }
}

5.4 Buff 和 Debuff 系统

技能可以附加持续效果，比如加速、减速、眩晕等：

C#
// BuffData.cs
[GlobalClass]
public partial class BuffData : Resource
{
    [Export] public string BuffId { get; set; } = "";
    [Export] public string BuffName { get; set; } = "";
    [Export] public float Duration { get; set; } = 3.0f;
    [Export] public bool IsDebuff { get; set; } = false;

    // 效果
    [Export] public float SpeedMultiplier { get; set; } = 1.0f;
    [Export] public float DamagePerSecond { get; set; } = 0;
    [Export] public bool Stunned { get; set; } = false; // 眩晕
}

// BuffInstance.cs - 挂在英雄身上的运行时Buff
public partial class BuffInstance : Node
{
    public BuffData Data { get; set; }
    public float RemainingTime { get; private set; }
    private Node3D _target;

    public override void _Ready()
    {
        RemainingTime = Data.Duration;
        _target = GetParent<Node3D>();
    }

    public override void _Process(double delta)
    {
        RemainingTime -= (float)delta;

        // 持续伤害
        if (Data.DamagePerSecond > 0)
        {
            _target.Call("TakeDamage", Data.DamagePerSecond * (float)delta, "magic", null);
        }

        if (RemainingTime <= 0)
        {
            RemoveBuff();
        }
    }

    private void RemoveBuff()
    {
        // 移除效果（恢复速度等）
        QueueFree();
    }
}

5.5 技能冷却 UI

技能栏需要显示冷却遮罩，让玩家知道技能何时可用：

┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐
│  Q  │ │  E  │ │  R  │ │ B/F │
│旋风斩│ │ 冲锋 │ │ 大招 │ │回城 │
│     │ │█████│ │     │ │     │
└─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘
         冷却中
       (灰色遮罩+倒计时)

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